Some large aircraft have a third pilot depending on the need. However, because new technology on aircrafts can perform many tasks that a third pilot used to do, they have been eliminated.

Before departure, pilots plan their flights carefully. They also make sure that baggage or cargo has been loaded correctly. Takeoff and landing are the most difficult parts of the flight, and require close coordination between the pilot and first officer. Unless the weather is bad, the flight is usually a routine trip. Pilots and first officers usually alternate flying each leg from takeoff to landing. With autopilot assistance, the flight management computer, the plane travels a planned route and is monitored by air traffic control as it passes various terminals.

Although flying does not involve much physical effort, the mental stress of being responsible for a safe flight, regardless of the weather, can be trying. Pilots must be alert and quick to react if something goes wrong, particularly during takeoff and landing. Pilots must have an airline transport pilot's license. Applicants for this license must be at least 23 years old and have a minimum of 1,500 hours of flying experience, including night and instrument flying.

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